Sunday, August 31, 2008
Usability of CCTV
Industrial processes
Industrial processes that take place under conditions dangerous for humans are today often supervised by CCTV. These are mainly processes in the chemical industry, the interior of reactors or facilities for manufacture of nuclear fuel. Use of allow operators to measure the of the processes. The usage of CCTV in such processes is sometimes required by law.
Crime registration
CCTV for use outside government special facilities was developed initially as a means of increasing security in banks. These were deemed successful in the government report "CCTV: Looking out for you", issued by the in 1994, and paved the way for a massive increase in the number of CCTV systems installed. Today, systems cover most town and city centres, and many stations, car-parks and estates. However, there is virtually no evidence that CCTV deters crime. According to an analysis "Police are no more likely to catch offenders in areas with hundreds of cameras than in those with hardly any." A 2008 Report concluded that only 3% of crimes were solved by CCTV.
Cameras have also been installed in in the hope of deterring violence against drivers, and in mobile police surveillance vans. In some cases CCTV cameras have become a target of attacks themselves. Council has recently installed cameras in their busy town-centre. It is a system pioneered in, which allows CCTV operators to communicate directly with the offenders they spot.
Monitoring for safety
A CCTV system may be installed where an operator of a machine cannot directly observe people who may be injured by unexpected machine operation. For example, on a subway train, CCTV cameras may allow the operator to confirm that people are clear of doors before closing them and starting the train. Operators of an amusement park ride may use a CCTV system to observe that people are not endangered by starting the ride. A CCTV camera and dashboard monitor can make reversing a vehicle safer, if it allows the driver to observe objects or people not otherwise visible.
Wednesday, August 13, 2008
Goals for implementation of CCTV
1. Personal Identification: ability of the viewer to personally identify something within the scene, beyond a shadow of a doubt. This does not reflect human identification, but rather, the ability to identify specific information or objects within an image.
Personal identification has two very important phases: The relationship of size and detail of an image, and the angle of view from which the scene is viewed. Without careful consideration of both aspects, your CCTV system merely records useless, unidentifiable images.
2. Action Identification: ability of the system to capture the events occurring in front of the camera as they actually happened. Because of the need for accuracy, using time-lapse video could cause problems.
Time lapse recording captures one picture every few seconds. For every picture captured in time, there are three to four seconds where events are not being recorded. Sometimes the unrecorded seconds in time would be necessary to positively document what happened.
Installation of surveillance cameras outside of a certain area may not produce sufficient information to indicate guilt or support an arrest for theft. Placement of the camera outside the area may help narrow the scope of suspects in a theft investigation, but the video will not necessarily identify the thief.
3. Scene Identification: ability for the scene to stand on its own merit. In a building with many similar hallways, equipped with surveillance cameras having similar angles of view, how can the hallways be differentiated when a CCTV monitor or tape is viewed? If an action is being recorded, how can each hallway be distinguished from the others? Scene identification is an important, but often overlooked, form of identification vital to effective video systems.
Computer graphics digitally placed on the monitor and video cannot be relied on to provide the sole method of scene identification. These graphics can aid in identifying one scene from another when both have a similar angle of view. Without being able to identify the scene on its own merit, it would be easy to argue that the graphics were added to the tape after the fact.
CCTV
Closed-circuit television (CCTV), as a collection of surveillance cameras doing video surveillance, is the use of television cameras for surveillance. It differs from broadcast television in that all components are directly linked via cables or other direct means. CCTV is used in banks, casinos, shopping centres, streets, airports etc. (the eye in the sky). The use of CCTVs in public places has increased, causing debate over security vs. privacy.
Closed Circuit TV (CCTV) - where the picture is viewed or recorded, but not broadcast - was initially developed as a means of security for banks. Today it has developed to the point where it is simple and inexpensive enough to be used in home security systems, and for everyday surveillance.
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